Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a neurological disease that affects horses. It is caused by two protozoan parasites, Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora hughesi, which infect the central nervous system. EPM can lead to a range of neurological symptoms, including weakness, muscle atrophy, loss of coordination, and even paralysis.

Horses typically contract EPM by ingesting sporulated oocysts from contaminated feed, water, or forage. The parasites then travel to the horse's central nervous system, where they cause inflammation and damage to the spinal cord and brain.

Diagnosing EPM can be challenging because its symptoms can mimic other neurological conditions. Veterinary diagnosis often involves a combination of clinical signs, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and serological testing. Early detection is essential for effective treatment.

Treatment for EPM typically involves medications such as antiprotozoal drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce inflammation in the nervous system. Supportive care, including physical therapy and nutritional support, may also be part of the treatment plan.

EPM can have varying outcomes, ranging from mild to severe. Prognosis depends on the extent of neurological damage and how quickly the disease is diagnosed and treated. Preventative measures, such as minimizing exposure to oocysts, can help reduce the risk of EPM in horses.